Alexander II Nicholoevich ROMANOV, TSAR OF RUSSIA
Tsar 1855-1881- Stammtafaln says died 1 Mar 1881. ALEXANDER II (1818-1881) was czar of Russia from 1855 to 1881. He succeeded his father, Nich olas I. Alexander is called the czar liberator because he freed Russia's serfs in 1861. He also introduced local self-government and a court system based on French models. He modernized the Russian army and defeated the Turks in 1878 (see RUSSO-TURKISH WARS). He was assassinated in 1881 by revolutionaries who thought he was too conservative. See also RUSSIA (Alexander II). Additional Information: Reign: 1855 to 1881; On March 3, 1861, over the strong objections of the landowning nobility , Alexander II freed the serfs and began a program of dramatic reform. He abolished corporal punishment, restructured the judiciary and the educational system and denied many of the privileges the nobility had enjoyed. In fact, the emancipation of the serfs brought financial hardship to many landowning families. Tsar Alexander II could not admit that reform had failed and that his regime was ingrained with terror, choking in bureaucracy, drowning in ignorance and greed. He grew more rigid, more cranky, more repressive and now the deadly spiral spun faster and faster. More young men and women arrested; more violence against the state; more attempts at assassination; more assassinations; more arrests; more executions. Tsar Alexander II was assassinated by revolutionaries. Notes: Harrison E. Salisbury (American Historian)
Tsar 1881-1894 - died of Nephritis. Stammtafel says died 20 Oct 1894 and married 28 Oct 1866. ALEXANDER III (1845-1894) was czar of Russia from 1881 to 1894. He became czar after his fat her, Alexander II, was assassinated by revolutionaries. Alexander II had adopted a number of liberal reforms. Alexander III opposed further reform and energetically fought the revolutionaries. During his reign, Russian industry and science made impressive gains, and culture thrived. See also RUSSIA (Alexander III). Additional Information: Emperor of Russia; Reign: 1881 - 1894; Alexander II acceded to the throne upon the assassinat ion of his father, Alexander II in 1881. Alexander III's 13-year reign was characterized by police repression, industrial expansion, and a shift in foreign policy away from alliance with Germany to entente with France. He was 6'4 tall. Alexander III was a giant of a man, and proud of his physical strength. He could tear a pack of card in half, bend an iron poler over his knees and crush a silver rouble with his bare hands. His eyes were expressionless and he moved in a peculiarly ungainly way. Almost every drop of blood in his veins was German, but he had the stubborn, enigmatic look of a Russian peasant. He died at 2:30 PM of a kidney ailment, diagnosed as nephritis by his doctor. In reaction to the assassination of his father, he restored much of the absolutism of the reign of Nicholas I and sternly repressed all revolutionary agitation. Alexander tried to impose the Russian language on all of his subjects, persecuted the Jews, and restricted education. His foreign policy was marked by a close union iwth France in opposition to the Triple Alliance.
He married Marie of Hesse Darmstadt 28 Apr 1841 at Saint Petersburg, Russia . Marie of Hesse Darmstadt was born at Darmstadt, Starkenburg, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany 8 Aug 1824 .
They were the parents of 8
children:
Alexandra Alexandrovna Romanov
born 1842.
Nicholas Alexandrovich Romanov
born 1843.
Alexander III Alexandrovich Romanov, Tsar of Russia
born 1845.
Vladimir Romanov, Grand Duke
born 1847.
Alexis Romanov, Grand Duke
born 1850.
Marie Alexandrovna Romanov, Grand Duchess
born 17 Oct 1853.
Serge Alexandrovich Romanov, Grand Duke
born 1857.
Paul Alexandrovich Romanov, Grand Duke
born 1860.
Alexander II Nicholoevich Romanov, Tsar of Russia died 13 Mar 1881 at Assassinated in St. Petersburg, Russia .
Marie of Hesse Darmstadt died 3 Jun 1880 at Saint Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russia .