Charlemagne Emperor of HOLYROMAN EMPIRE, EMPERIOR OF WEST
Charlemagne was king of the Franks from a.d. 768-814 and Emperior of the Romans from 800-814.He became a key figure in development of Western Europe's medieval civilization. By his lmost constant military campaigns, Charlemagne created a vast empire in the West. He was the first Germanic ruler to assume the title of emperor. Charlemagne was the son of Pepin the Short, and the grandson of Charles Martel. From 768-771 Charlemagne shared Pepin's kingdom with his brother, Carloman. When Carloman died, Charlemagne became the sole ruler. He gained wide acclaim for his outstanding military ability, persistence and success. He waged more than 59 campaigns against neighboring Germanic peoples on all sides.His greatest war was against the Lombards. In conquring them he bacame ruler of the Lonbard kingdom in Italy.Charlemagne had built a vast & spraling state.He was much more powerful than Constantine, and ruled a much more extensive area.Pope Leo III placed the imperial crown on Charle- meign'a head on Christmas Day, 800.He was described as large & strong in body, fond of active exercise & moderate in his way of life.Charlemagne clearly recognized his duties and was a tireless worker.His administration methods raised the standard of living. He was a patron of culture & extender of civilization.The Palace School, set up at the capital stimilated interest in education, philosphy, & literature.Most of the scholers were churchmen so it greatly strengthened the church and had far reaching and lasting results. In this way, Charlemagne, by means of his power & eminence, gave western Europe a unified culture so strong that is survived the terrible invasions & disorders of the next 200 years. Charlemagne has been described by his first biographer, Einhard, who knew him only in later life, as tall, white haired, inclined to stoutness but well porportuned, with a high-pitched voice that seemed inappropriate to his large frame. He tended to unxoriousness, and married many times; he enjoyed being surrounded by a large company of family and friends, and never permitted his daughter to marry, saying that he could not spare them-- although he genially tolerated illicit unions on their part, so long as they remained at home. Passionately fond of hunting, he was also an un- usually good swimmer and built a great pool at Aachen in which he could swim with all his court. But he also liked the give and take of a witty circle, exchanged poems and teasing queries with his courtiers, and took a great interest in astronomical problems and observations. Until the last years of his life he enjoyed good health, and in fact went on a long hunting and camping trip shortly before his death. Charlemagne's last years were marked by tragedies: his failure to win recog- nition from the Byzantine Emperor; renewed attacks by the Danes upon the northern outpost of his empire; and the deaths, all within a short time of his wife, his sister, and his sons Pepin and Charles. Thus the succession devolved upon the weakent of his sons, Louis of Acquitaine, afterwards known as Louis the Pious.
Moriarty 18. Ancestral Roots 191
In 725 a serious quarrel arose between state and church. The Lonbards, not immediately involved in the quarrel, took advantage of the situation to increase their power at the expense of the emperior. Rome itself was saved in part because the Lombards and gradually been converted to Catholicism. By 751 Rome was all that remained of imperial Italy, save for the Greek providence at the southern tip. The pope still recognized the overlordship of the emperior, but refused to bow on the matter of icons. The popes had appealed to the Franks for support, and finally Pepin, King of the Franks, made two successful expedations against the Lombards in 754 & 756. On the later date Pepin forced the Lonbards to give the pope the territory extending from Rome to Revenna, clear across central Italy. Called the "Donation to Ravenna," this was to become the nucleus of an independent principality under the rule of the papacy, known as "the Papal States"
Carlemagne's son and successor Louis I the Pious was totally incapable of coping with the heavy burden. Lacking drive or firmness, he could but preside over the decline of imperial power as local officers and lords asserted their independence and ursurped royal authority. Louis could not even control his own sons, who became dissatisfied with the lands and powers bestowed upon them and who fought against their father and among themselves. When the unhappy Louis died in 840 his three sons were locked in strife for supremancy. Lothair, the eldest, had been recognized as Emperior and given Italy. But his powition was challenged by Louis the german who ruled over the East Franks (Germany) and Charles the Bald wo rulled over the West Franks (France). In 842 after their victory over Lothair at Fontenay, Charles and Louis took the famous Strasbourg Oath, which pledged them to mutual assistance. Lothair now agreed to compromise, and in 843 the 3 brothers concluded the Treaty of Verdun. Lothair retained his imperial title and received a belt of territory extending from Rome through Alsace and Lorraine to the mouth of the Rhine River. Louis was confirmed in possession of the eastern lands and Charles in his possession of the Western lands in France. Henceforth the three segments were to go their separate ways, their rulers fighting for territorial advantage, except for a brief period between 884 & 887, when there was a reunification under the Carolingian emperior Charles the Fat. Charles military and political ineptness, however led to his deposition, and never agin the the middle ages were Germany and France to be united. They were ruled by different houses and became political and military antagonists.
He married Hildegardis Empress of HolyRoman Empire, Empress of West at Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia . Hildegardis Empress of HolyRoman Empire, Empress of West was born at of Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia 745 daughter of Gerold I Swabia, Duke of and Imma Swabia, Duchess of .
They were the parents of 11
children:
Bertha Princess of HolyRoman Empire
born Abt 770.
Charles Emperor of HolyRoman Empire, King Germany
born 772.
Pippin Carloman King of Italy
born Apr 773/77.
Adelheid Princess of HolyRoman Empire
born 774.
Rotrud Princess of HolyRoman Empire
born Aug 774.
Gisele Princess of France
born Aug 778.
Louis the Pious HolyRoman Empire, Emp of the West
born Aug 778.
Lothaire Prince of France
born Aug 778.
Hildegard Princess of France
born 782.
Heldecardis Holyromanempire
born Abt 784.
Gertruda Holyromanempire, Princess of
born Abt 786.
Charlemagne Emperor of HolyRoman Empire, Emperior of West died 28 Jan 814 at Aachen, Rhineland, Prussia .
Hildegardis Empress of HolyRoman Empire, Empress of West died 30 Apr 783 at Thionville, Moselle, France .